中國(guo)人(ren)多地少，大國(guo)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)國(guo)情農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)情，決定了從事傳統種(zhong)養業的(de)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶存在的(de)長期(qi)性(xing)。發展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業，幫助小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶節本增效，解(jie)決小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶分散生(sheng)(sheng)產經(jing)營過程中的(de)一些共(gong)性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)問(wen)題，實現(xian)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶與(yu)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展的(de)有機銜接，是(shi)推進現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業建設的(de)歷(li)史任務(wu)(wu)，也(ye)是(shi)一個可以著(zhu)力培(pei)育的(de)大產業。

發展農業生產性服務業是實施鄉村振興戰略的客觀要求

發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是將普通(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)引入現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)軌道的(de)(de)重要途徑(jing)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)十九大指(zhi)出，“鞏固和完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)村基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營制度……保持土地(di)承包(bao)關系長久不(bu)變，第二輪承包(bao)到期后(hou)再延長三十年。”可以預見，在相當長的(de)(de)時期內，小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)家庭(ting)(ting)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營還是基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營方(fang)式。隨著現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加快發展(zhan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞動力(li)減少(shao)、老齡化問題日漸突(tu)出，普通(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)面臨許多新問題，一(yi)家一(yi)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)辦不(bu)了、辦不(bu)好、辦起來不(bu)合算的(de)(de)事越來越多。針對(dui)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟成(cheng)本(ben)高、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率(lv)低下等問題，發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，解決普通(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)在適應市(shi)場、采(cai)用新機具新技術等方(fang)面的(de)(de)困難，有助于將一(yi)家一(yi)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)小(xiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)融入到農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化大生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)之中(zhong)，構建(jian)以家庭(ting)(ting)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營為(wei)(wei)基礎的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營體(ti)系。

發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)性服務業是(shi)推進多種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)迫切需要。從實踐看，我國農(nong)(nong)業適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有兩(liang)種(zhong)路(lu)徑(jing)：一是(shi)通過(guo)土地流轉擴(kuo)大土地經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)，這是(shi)提高農(nong)(nong)業勞動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率，實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)業規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)一條重要途徑(jing)。二是(shi)農(nong)(nong)戶在不(bu)改變承包經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)權的(de)(de)前提下，通過(guo)接受(shou)服務組織提供的(de)(de)專業化(hua)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)化(hua)服務實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)業規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)新路(lu)徑(jing)。發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)性服務業，有助于豐富農(nong)(nong)業規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)形(xing)式(shi)，讓廣大家庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)戶充分參與和分享規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)收益(yi)。

發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產性服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是實(shi)現質量(liang)興農(nong)、綠色興農(nong)的有效(xiao)(xiao)路(lu)徑。當(dang)前，我(wo)國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村經濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)已(yi)經從單(dan)純追求數量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)長階段(duan)轉為(wei)高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段(duan)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產性服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，通過服務(wu)組織集中采(cai)購農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產資(zi)料(liao)，采(cai)用先進(jin)的農(nong)作(zuo)技術(shu)，積極推(tui)廣標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產，充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機械裝備的作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)力和分(fen)(fen)工分(fen)(fen)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)服務(wu)的效(xiao)(xiao)率，能(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)物化(hua)成(cheng)本和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)成(cheng)本，有助于(yu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)節本增(zeng)(zeng)產增(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)(xiao)，提高農(nong)產品(pin)競爭力和全(quan)要素生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產率，是推(tui)進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)供給側結構性改革(ge)，實(shi)現質量(liang)興農(nong)、綠色興農(nong)、促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)民增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)的有效(xiao)(xiao)路(lu)徑。

發展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)性(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)是建設現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成部分(fen)。將(jiang)資本(ben)、技(ji)術、人(ren)才(cai)、管理(li)等現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)素(su)引入農(nong)業(ye)(ye)是建設現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)本(ben)質要(yao)求。發展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)性(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)，通(tong)過(guo)服(fu)務組織以(yi)市場化方式(shi)將(jiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)素(su)有(you)效導(dao)入農(nong)業(ye)(ye)，適用(yong)先進(jin)的(de)品種、技(ji)術、裝備(bei)等，對傳統農(nong)業(ye)(ye)進(jin)行改造、提(ti)高和升(sheng)級，實現(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)戶生產(chan)(chan)與現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)素(su)的(de)有(you)機結合，成為(wei)轉變(bian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)方式(shi)、提(ti)升(sheng)資源要(yao)素(su)配置(zhi)效率(lv)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)途徑。

發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產性服(fu)(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)基本規律。從世界(jie)范圍看，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)工(gong)分(fen)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)不斷深化是現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)必(bi)然(ran)趨(qu)勢，美國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)動力只占(zhan)(zhan)總勞(lao)動力的(de)2%左(zuo)右(you)，但為農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提供服(fu)(fu)務(wu)，如農(nong)(nong)(nong)機作業(ye)(ye)(ye)、產品(pin)加工(gong)、運輸(shu)，以及供銷、倉儲、資金借貸(dai)、保(bao)險(xian)、市場(chang)信(xin)息等服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)人數卻占(zhan)(zhan)整個勞(lao)動人口(kou)的(de)10%以上(shang)，大大超過(guo)直(zhi)接從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)人口(kou)。隨著一個國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村社(she)會結構(gou)和經濟(ji)結構(gou)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)變化，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產性服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)市場(chang)需(xu)求將(jiang)快(kuai)速增長，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)的(de)分(fen)工(gong)分(fen)業(ye)(ye)(ye)將(jiang)是現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)基本規律。

我國農業生產性服務業進入發展機遇期

隨著(zhu)我國現代農(nong)業的加快推進(jin)，對(dui)農(nong)業生產性(xing)(xing)服(fu)務(wu)的需(xu)求越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)旺盛、要求越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)高，農(nong)業生產性(xing)(xing)服(fu)務(wu)業將是(shi)未(wei)來(lai)最有(you)潛(qian)力(li)的一(yi)個大(da)產業。今后一(yi)個時期(qi)將是(shi)農(nong)業生產性(xing)(xing)服(fu)務(wu)業發展的黃金期(qi)，預計市(shi)場(chang)交易規模將達萬億(yi)以上。

一是有(you)旺(wang)(wang)盛的(de)(de)需求(qiu)。改革開放(fang)40年來，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)動力(li)(li)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)發生(sheng)巨大(da)變化。目前，我(wo)國(guo)有(you)2.87億(yi)青(qing)壯年勞(lao)動力(li)(li)外出(chu)務(wu)工(gong)，從事非農(nong)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)，農(nong)村勞(lao)動力(li)(li)短缺、老齡(ling)化現象日益凸顯，兼業(ye)(ye)(ye)化越來越普遍。據(ju)對2萬多農(nong)戶的(de)(de)調查(cha)，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員平(ping)均年齡(ling)約50歲，60歲以上(shang)的(de)(de)比例(li)超過24%。這(zhe)種從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，要“種好地”“養好畜(chu)”，保(bao)證10多億(yi)人(ren)口大(da)國(guo)的(de)(de)農(nong)產品供給問題，就迫切(qie)需要發展農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產性(xing)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，這(zhe)為農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產性(xing)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展提供了旺(wang)(wang)盛的(de)(de)需求(qiu)。

二(er)是有(you)良好的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。經(jing)過多(duo)年的(de)扶持引導，開展農業生(sheng)產性服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)力量、設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)裝備、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)主體等方面都已具備了一定的(de)規模(mo)。在(zai)國家公職人員(yuan)(yuan)隊伍中，全國現有(you)50多(duo)萬從事農業科技(ji)教(jiao)學(xue)推廣服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業人員(yuan)(yuan)，社會上還有(you)一大批農業大中專(zhuan)(zhuan)院校畢業生(sheng)和農村成(cheng)長的(de)土專(zhuan)(zhuan)家、田秀才(cai)。擁有(you)近10億千瓦(wa)的(de)農業動力機械、數千萬套配套裝備和不少倉儲(chu)、物(wu)流(liu)、加工等設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)備。已經(jing)培(pei)育300多(duo)萬的(de)合作組織、家庭農場、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業大戶(hu)、龍頭(tou)企業等新(xin)型經(jing)營主體。加快推進農業生(sheng)產性服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)條件(jian)已經(jing)具備。

三(san)是有政策的(de)扶持(chi)。近(jin)幾年(nian)，各級政府扶持(chi)政策的(de)重點，已經(jing)逐步(bu)從(cong)原(yuan)來的(de)補主體(ti)、補裝備(bei)、補技術，向補服(fu)務(wu)(wu)轉變。一(yi)方面(mian)是因為我國農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)技術裝備(bei)和服(fu)務(wu)(wu)能力已經(jing)達到一(yi)定的(de)規模；另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)是為了扶持(chi)引導小農(nong)戶廣泛接受農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)，并通過財政補貼降低生(sheng)產(chan)成本；第三(san)，是為了培育農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)市場，推動農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)的(de)加(jia)快(kuai)發展。

四(si)是(shi)有(you)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)探索(suo)。目前，很多市場主體(ti)已經看(kan)到(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)商機(ji)，并進入這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)領域，探索(suo)并取(qu)得了一定(ding)的(de)(de)成(cheng)績。如(ru)中化集團推出“中化MAP”模(mo)式，金(jin)正大(da)集團推出“金(jin)豐公(gong)社”模(mo)式，深圳(zhen)諾(nuo)普信農(nong)化有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司推出“田田圈”模(mo)式，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)大(da)型農(nong)資農(nong)化企業，通(tong)過整合農(nong)資、農(nong)技(ji)、農(nong)機(ji)、營銷(xiao)、金(jin)融等(deng)資源，實(shi)現服務鏈(lian)條縱向延伸(shen)、橫向拓(tuo)展，促進各服務主體(ti)多元互動(dong)、優勢互補，探索(suo)服務農(nong)戶的(de)(de)不同模(mo)式方(fang)式，推動(dong)了農(nong)業生產的(de)(de)高效化集約化。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)探索(suo)，為建立多元化、多層次(ci)、多類(lei)型的(de)(de)農(nong)業生產性服務體(ti)系提供了經驗(yan)和模(mo)式。

準確把握農業生產性服務業發展的總體要求

農業生(sheng)產性服(fu)務業是農村產業融合發(fa)展的典(dian)型業態，也是衡量農業現代化水平(ping)的重要(yao)內容，必須順應(ying)時代要(yao)求，加快發(fa)展這一產業，但也必須把握規(gui)律(lv)，因勢(shi)利導。

一要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持市場化導向。核心是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)揮市場在資源配(pei)置(zhi)中的(de)決(jue)定性作用，推動資源要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素向社(she)會化服(fu)務(wu)優(you)化配(pei)置(zhi)，促進服(fu)務(wu)供(gong)給與服(fu)務(wu)需求有(you)效對(dui)接。就(jiu)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以市場需求為(wei)導向，以社(she)會主(zhu)體為(wei)重點，著(zhu)力解決(jue)農業生產和農民群(qun)眾(zhong)最迫切的(de)重點領(ling)域和關鍵環(huan)節的(de)服(fu)務(wu)問題(ti)。各級(ji)政府要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)順應市場發(fa)(fa)展的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，著(zhu)力支持、引導服(fu)務(wu)組(zu)織發(fa)(fa)展，規范市場行為(wei)，創(chuang)造(zao)良好條件。

二要(yao)共(gong)享社會資源(yuan)。與(yu)世界水(shui)平(ping)比較，目(mu)前我國單位面積擁有的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)機(ji)動(dong)力、科技(ji)力量，乃至農(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入都是(shi)較高的(de)(de)，但農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代化水(shui)平(ping)不(bu)高，除了我國小規(gui)模分散經營的(de)(de)制約因素外，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)資源(yuan)共(gong)享利(li)用(yong)水(shui)平(ping)低。因此，當前的(de)(de)重(zhong)點應該是(shi)用(yong)共(gong)享的(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)、創新(xin)的(de)(de)機(ji)制，最大限度地盤活現有資源(yuan)要(yao)素，打造(zao)一批農(nong)(nong)業(ye)服務業(ye)的(de)(de)“滴滴農(nong)(nong)服”平(ping)臺，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產性服務業(ye)的(de)(de)快速發展(zhan)。而不(bu)是(shi)再鋪多少新(xin)的(de)(de)攤子，建(jian)設多少新(xin)的(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)。

三(san)要(yao)促進多(duo)(duo)元(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主體(ti)(ti)融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。目前，農(nong)(nong)業生產性服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主體(ti)(ti)大致分為5類(lei)(lei)：第(di)(di)一(yi)，農(nong)(nong)業專(zhuan)(zhuan)業性或(huo)綜(zong)合(he)性服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公司。這(zhe)些公司既(ji)有(you)(you)純民(min)營(ying)的(de)，也有(you)(you)公有(you)(you)制企業全資、參(can)股或(huo)控股興辦的(de)。既(ji)有(you)(you)新創辦的(de)，也有(you)(you)過去農(nong)(nong)資農(nong)(nong)機(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷企業轉型發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而來(lai)(lai)的(de)。第(di)(di)二(er)，農(nong)(nong)業生產經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業合(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)及其聯合(he)社(she)(she)(she)，為農(nong)(nong)民(min)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)機(ji)、植保(bao)(bao)、倉(cang)儲(chu)、烘干(gan)等服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。第(di)(di)三(san)，供(gong)(gong)銷合(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)。一(yi)些地(di)(di)方的(de)供(gong)(gong)銷社(she)(she)(she)發(fa)揮深(shen)耕農(nong)(nong)村多(duo)(duo)年的(de)優勢，利用原來(lai)(lai)的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷網(wang)點延伸服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏈(lian)條，拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)領(ling)域(yu)。第(di)(di)四(si)，村級(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)村黨支(zhi)部、村委會(hui)、村集體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)牽頭(tou)，成立耕種、植保(bao)(bao)等服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)，開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全程(cheng)托管和(he)多(duo)(duo)環(huan)節托管服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。第(di)(di)五(wu)，農(nong)(nong)業生產經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業大戶。各(ge)類(lei)(lei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主體(ti)(ti)各(ge)有(you)(you)優勢，各(ge)地(di)(di)要(yao)針對不同(tong)產業、不同(tong)環(huan)節、不同(tong)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)特點，因地(di)(di)制宜選擇適合(he)本行業、本地(di)(di)區的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)式和(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)模式，滿足(zu)農(nong)(nong)業生產發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)要(yao)求。同(tong)時(shi)，要(yao)鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)各(ge)類(lei)(lei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主體(ti)(ti)加強聯合(he)合(he)作(zuo)，促進功(gong)能互(hu)補、利益分享、融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。引導各(ge)類(lei)(lei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主體(ti)(ti)積極與高(gao)等學(xue)校、職業院(yuan)校、科研院(yuan)所開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)科研和(he)人才合(he)作(zuo)，鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)銀(yin)行、保(bao)(bao)險、郵政等機(ji)構與服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主體(ti)(ti)深(shen)度合(he)作(zuo)。

四要創造(zao)良(liang)好的發展環(huan)(huan)境。一是加大政(zheng)策支持力度。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)財(cai)政(zheng)扶持、信(xin)貸優惠、稅(shui)費減免等措施，大力支持各類(lei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)發展。鼓(gu)勵各地通(tong)過(guo)(guo)政(zheng)府購買服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、以獎(jiang)代(dai)補、先服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)補助(zhu)等方式(shi)，支持服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)承擔(dan)農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)性(xing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。充(chong)分發揮全國農(nong)業(ye)信(xin)貸擔(dan)保體系的作用，著力解決農(nong)資、農(nong)機、農(nong)技等社會化服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)融資難、融資貴的問(wen)題。二是加強規范管理(li)。針對不(bu)同(tong)行業(ye)、不(bu)同(tong)品種、不(bu)同(tong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)節，制定服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)操(cao)作規范，積極推行專項服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)“約定有(you)合(he)同(tong)、內容有(you)標(biao)準(zhun)、質量有(you)保證(zheng)、過(guo)(guo)程有(you)監管”的服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)模式(shi)，不(bu)斷提高專項服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的標(biao)準(zhun)化水(shui)平。建立服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)質量和(he)績效(xiao)評價機制，有(you)效(xiao)維護服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)主體和(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)對象的合(he)法權(quan)益。三是建設公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平臺。搭建統一高效(xiao)、互聯(lian)互通(tong)的信(xin)息(xi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平臺，為服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)雙方提供供需(xu)對接信(xin)息(xi)。

以農業生產托管為依托，推動農業生產性服務業的發展

農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)托管是農戶(hu)等(deng)經營主(zhu)體在不(bu)流轉土(tu)地經營權的(de)條件下，將農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中的(de)耕、種、防、收等(deng)全部(bu)或(huo)(huo)部(bu)分作業環(huan)節(jie)委托給服(fu)務(wu)組織完(wan)成或(huo)(huo)協助完(wan)成的(de)農業經營方(fang)式(shi)。從(cong)實踐(jian)看，農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)托管是農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)性服(fu)務(wu)直接服(fu)務(wu)于農業和農戶(hu)最具時代意義的(de)方(fang)式(shi)，有(you)廣泛的(de)適(shi)應性和普(pu)惠性。為此，2017年，中央財(cai)政專(zhuan)門設立(li)了(le)以農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)托管為主(zhu)的(de)農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)社會(hui)化服(fu)務(wu)補助專(zhuan)項，旨在大力推(tui)進農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)托管。

各地(di)在(zai)推進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)托(tuo)管(guan)工作中，要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點把握以(yi)下(xia)方面：一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持市場(chang)化原則。政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)目標(biao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)培(pei)育市場(chang)，財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)補(bu)(bu)助不(bu)能影響(xiang)服務(wu)價格形成，不(bu)能干擾服務(wu)市場(chang)正常運行(xing)。二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持服務(wu)和(he)帶動小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)。要(yao)(yao)以(yi)帶領小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)發(fa)展現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)目標(biao)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)獎補(bu)(bu)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)托(tuo)管(guan)廣(guang)泛接(jie)受農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)性服務(wu)，促進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)服務(wu)集中式的規(gui)模經(jing)營發(fa)展。同時，要(yao)(yao)避免政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)“壘大(da)戶(hu)”。三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持支(zhi)持糧油(you)棉糖主(zhu)產(chan)區。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化、規(gui)模化服務(wu)提升大(da)宗農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效益，提高小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)從(cong)事大(da)宗農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的積極性，確保國家糧食等(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品供給。四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持突出重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點環節。各地(di)要(yao)(yao)因(yin)地(di)制宜，根據當地(di)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)需求，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)托(tuo)管(guan)的關(guan)鍵(jian)環節和(he)薄弱環節。

農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產性(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)是一(yi)個國家現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)標志，也是當前我(wo)國現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)建設的(de)(de)(de)突出短板(ban)，面(mian)臨嚴(yan)峻的(de)(de)(de)挑戰，也孕育著難得的(de)(de)(de)機遇，必須加(jia)(jia)大(da)引(yin)導推動的(de)(de)(de)力(li)度，加(jia)(jia)快提升農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產性(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)市場化、專業(ye)(ye)化、信息化水平(ping)，努力(li)打造要素集(ji)聚、主體多(duo)元、服(fu)務高(gao)效(xiao)、體系完整的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產性(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)。