2015年(nian)以(yi)來，農(nong)業農(nong)村部組織開展化肥農(nong)藥使用量(liang)零增長行動，經過5年(nian)的實施(shi)，截(jie)至2020年(nian)底，我國化肥農(nong)藥減量(liang)增效已順利(li)實現預(yu)期目標，化肥農(nong)藥使用量(liang)顯著減少，化肥農(nong)藥利(li)用率(lv)明顯提升(sheng)，促(cu)進種植業高質量(liang)發(fa)展效果明顯。經科學測算(suan)，2020年(nian)我國水(shui)稻(dao)、小(xiao)麥、玉米(mi)三大糧食作物化肥利(li)用率(lv)40.2%，比(bi)2015年(nian)提高5個百(bai)(bai)分點；農(nong)藥利(li)用率(lv)40.6%，比(bi)2015年(nian)提高4個百(bai)(bai)分點。

據介紹，“十三(san)五”期間，各地加(jia)(jia)快集成(cheng)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)(xiao)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色高效(xiao)(xiao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)模式，探索工作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)服(fu)務方式，為化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)少、利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)打牢基礎。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)投入品(pin)結構持續優(you)化(hua)。2017年(nian)(nian)以來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)行動(dong)(dong)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)高效(xiao)(xiao)低風險農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)化(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，2020年(nian)(nian)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面積超(chao)(chao)過(guo)5.5億畝次、比(bi)(bi)2015年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)約50%，高效(xiao)(xiao)低風險農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)90%。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)加(jia)(jia)快推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)。大(da)(da)(da)力開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)測(ce)土(tu)配方施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)，配方肥(fei)(fei)已占(zhan)三(san)大(da)(da)(da)糧食作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的60%以上；加(jia)(jia)快推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)機(ji)械深施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)一體(ti)化(hua)等(deng)先(xian)進(jin)節(jie)肥(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，機(ji)械施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)7億畝次、水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)一體(ti)化(hua)1.4億畝次。大(da)(da)(da)力推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控和精(jing)準(zhun)科(ke)學(xue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，及時(shi)準(zhun)確(que)預報(bao)病情(qing)蟲情(qing)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)高效(xiao)(xiao)植保藥(yao)(yao)(yao)械，推(tui)(tui)(tui)行達標(biao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、對癥(zheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、適(shi)時(shi)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。2020年(nian)(nian)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控面積近10億畝，主要農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)病蟲害(hai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控覆(fu)蓋率(lv)(lv)41.5%、比(bi)(bi)2015年(nian)(nian)提(ti)(ti)高18.5個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)專業(ye)化(hua)服(fu)務提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)統(tong)(tong)配統(tong)(tong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、病蟲統(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)專業(ye)化(hua)服(fu)務組織蓬勃發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，減(jian)少個(ge)(ge)人(ren)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)打藥(yao)(yao)(yao)跑冒滴漏，提(ti)(ti)高用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。全(quan)國專業(ye)化(hua)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)務組織達到9.3萬個(ge)(ge)，三(san)大(da)(da)(da)糧食作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)病蟲害(hai)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)覆(fu)蓋率(lv)(lv)達到41.9%，比(bi)(bi)2015年(nian)(nian)提(ti)(ti)高8.9個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)抓好示(shi)(shi)范帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)(xiao)。突出重(zhong)點(dian)區域、重(zhong)點(dian)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)，每年(nian)(nian)在(zai)300個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)(xiao)示(shi)(shi)范，在(zai)233個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)點(dian)縣(xian)(xian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)試(shi)點(dian)，在(zai)600個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)建設統(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控融合示(shi)(shi)范基地，在(zai)150個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)果菜茶全(quan)程綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控試(shi)點(dian)，同時(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)病蟲害(hai)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)“百(bai)縣(xian)(xian)”創建、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控示(shi)(shi)范縣(xian)(xian)創建，集成(cheng)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)節(jie)肥(fei)(fei)節(jie)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)模式，充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)示(shi)(shi)范縣(xian)(xian)引領作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)(xiao)。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)強宣(xuan)傳引導提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。組織專家(jia)分(fen)(fen)區域、分(fen)(fen)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)定化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方案(an)，制(zhi)(zhi)定科(ke)學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)指導意(yi)見(jian)，發(fa)布水(shui)(shui)稻、小麥、玉(yu)米、油菜氮肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)定額，印發(fa)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)學(xue)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)手(shou)冊和宣(xuan)傳掛圖100多(duo)萬份，指導農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)和新型經營主體(ti)掌握(wo)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的關鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，避免過(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、盲目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。組織開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)“百(bai)萬農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)學(xue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)培(pei)訓行動(dong)(dong)”，每年(nian)(nian)培(pei)訓種植大(da)(da)(da)戶、植保專業(ye)服(fu)務組織的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)骨(gu)干(gan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)帶(dai)頭人(ren)300多(duo)萬人(ren)，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶提(ti)(ti)高科(ke)學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。

下一(yi)步，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部將加(jia)強舉(ju)措(cuo)(cuo)，力爭到2025年化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)利用(yong)率再(zai)提(ti)高3個百(bai)分點，推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產方(fang)式(shi)全面綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)轉型(xing)。一(yi)是加(jia)強頂(ding)層設計。把化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)減量(liang)(liang)化(hua)作(zuo)為促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)、持(chi)續改善環境質量(liang)(liang)的重要內容，組(zu)織(zhi)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)實施(shi)方(fang)案，明(ming)確目(mu)標任務、重點區域、技(ji)術路(lu)徑、主(zhu)要措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。二是依靠科技(ji)支(zhi)撐(cheng)。組(zu)織(zhi)開(kai)展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)投(tou)入品研發(fa)創新，推(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)新型(xing)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)和高效低風險農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。優化(hua)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)模式(shi)，推(tui)行定(ding)(ding)額施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)，集成推(tui)廣(guang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)防控(kong)模式(shi)，構建綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)種植制(zhi)度(du)。三是加(jia)大(da)政策扶持(chi)。積極爭取有關方(fang)面支(zhi)持(chi)，建立(li)健全穩定(ding)(ding)投(tou)入保障機制(zhi)，持(chi)續推(tui)進化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)減量(liang)(liang)化(hua)。四是搞好宣(xuan)傳引導。開(kai)展(zhan)科學認識(shi)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)主(zhu)題(ti)宣(xuan)傳，大(da)力宣(xuan)傳化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)，普及科學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)知(zhi)識(shi)，營造良好社會氛圍(wei)。