2016年(nian)的中央(yang)一(yi)號(hao)文(wen)件以“十三五(wu)”農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村工作為主，側重于(yu)發展思(si)路、目標和(he)未來5年(nian)重點(dian)任務闡述，同(tong)時兼顧年(nian)度重點(dian)工作，將(jiang)成為“十三五(wu)”時期農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村工作綱(gang)領性、指導(dao)性文(wen)件，對當(dang)前和(he)今后一(yi)個時期“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)”工作產生積極(ji)而(er)深(shen)遠(yuan)的影響。

我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村發展新(xin)形勢新(xin)常(chang)態(tai)是(shi)什么(me)？科(ke)技(ji)部2016年(nian)和“十(shi)三五(wu)”時(shi)期在農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村科(ke)技(ji)政策方面有哪(na)些(xie)舉措？如何進一步深化農(nong)(nong)業科(ke)技(ji)體制改革(ge)？就(jiu)這些(xie)熱點(dian)問(wen)題(ti)，科(ke)技(ji)部黨(dang)組書記、副(fu)部長王志(zhi)剛接受了科(ke)技(ji)日報記者的專訪(fang)。

我國農業科技進步貢獻率已超56％

科(ke)技日(ri)報：2016年(nian)，是(shi)“十三五”開局之(zhi)年(nian)，一號文件也是(shi)指導年(nian)度(du)性工作的文件。“十二五”時(shi)期我國農業科(ke)技取得了(le)哪(na)些成就？如今(jin)，我國農業農村發展新(xin)形勢新(xin)常態(tai)是(shi)什么(me)？

王志剛：2011年以來，科(ke)技部(bu)等(deng)圍繞落實(shi)《“十二五”農業(ye)與農村(cun)科(ke)技發展規劃》任務，通過實(shi)施相關科(ke)技計劃，大幅度提(ti)高了(le)我(wo)國農業(ye)科(ke)技自(zi)主創新能力。

例(li)如，農(nong)(nong)業科(ke)(ke)技進步(bu)貢獻率(lv)由(you)2010年(nian)的52％提高到(dao)2015年(nian)的56％以上，主要農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)良種(zhong)(zhong)基本實現全覆蓋，良種(zhong)(zhong)在糧食(shi)增產中的貢獻率(lv)達(da)到(dao)43％以上，主要農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)耕種(zhong)(zhong)收綜合(he)機(ji)械化水平達(da)到(dao)63％；推進了13個國家農(nong)(nong)村信息化示范省建設，科(ke)(ke)技特派員隊伍約73萬人。

近年來(lai)，我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)呈現出持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、全面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、加快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)強勁勢頭。但農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)仍(reng)是(shi)“四化(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”的(de)短腿、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村仍(reng)然是(shi)全面(mian)建成小(xiao)康社(she)會的(de)短板，這(zhe)種(zhong)局面(mian)短時(shi)間內難以改(gai)變，我國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品需求剛性增(zeng)長的(de)壓力將(jiang)(jiang)持續存在，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)面(mian)臨的(de)資源和環境約束更加嚴峻，我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)全面(mian)深度融入全球化(hua)(hua)進程，國(guo)(guo)際農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品貿易競爭日益激烈，對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)影響日益深刻(ke)。主(zhu)動(dong)適應(ying)經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新常態，依(yi)靠創新驅動(dong)加速(su)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)轉(zhuan)方式、調(diao)結(jie)構的(de)歷史進程將(jiang)(jiang)成為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村領域科技創新最(zui)為(wei)緊(jin)迫而(er)艱巨的(de)任務。

科技為農業轉型注入創新驅動力

科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)日報：今(jin)年一(yi)號文件提出，新一(yi)輪科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)革命和(he)產業變革正在(zai)孕育興起，為農(nong)業轉型升(sheng)級注入(ru)強勁驅(qu)動力。科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)部(bu)2016年和(he)“十三五”時期在(zai)農(nong)業農(nong)村科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)政(zheng)策方面，將(jiang)有哪些舉(ju)措(cuo)？

王志剛：面向2016年(nian)和“十三(san)五”時期(qi)的農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村工作，科技的核心任(ren)務(wu)是為全面建成小(xiao)(xiao)康社會，特別是農(nong)(nong)村小(xiao)(xiao)康社會提供科技支撐和為加(jia)快農(nong)(nong)業現(xian)(xian)代化進(jin)程，實現(xian)(xian)轉變農(nong)(nong)業發展方式提供創新驅動力。

科(ke)技(ji)(ji)部將不斷深化農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)體制改革，加(jia)快構建(jian)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)體系(xi)，布局(ju)實施(shi)一(yi)(yi)批農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)重點專項和工程，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)自主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能力；大(da)力培育(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，建(jian)設一(yi)(yi)批農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示范區和現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)中心(xin)，孵化培育(yu)一(yi)(yi)批農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，支撐產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級，提(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市場競爭力；加(jia)大(da)基層科(ke)技(ji)(ji)工作力度，實施(shi)縣域創(chuang)新(xin)驅動(dong)發展(zhan)戰(zhan)(zhan)略，構建(jian)新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)社會化科(ke)技(ji)(ji)服務(wu)體系(xi)，打(da)造農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)領(ling)域眾創(chuang)空間(jian)“星創(chuang)天(tian)地”，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)創(chuang)新(xin)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，深入推(tui)(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)一(yi)(yi)二三產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融合，堅持不懈推(tui)(tui)進美麗(li)鄉村(cun)建(jian)設，做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強縣域經(jing)濟；加(jia)快實施(shi)“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)國(guo)際(ji)合作，擴大(da)對外(wai)開放；實施(shi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)扶(fu)貧行動(dong)，依靠科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)打(da)贏精(jing)準扶(fu)貧、精(jing)準脫貧攻堅戰(zhan)(zhan)。

構建農業農村科技全國一盤棋管理格局

科(ke)技(ji)日報：2015年8月31日，中共(gong)中央辦公廳(ting)、國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公廳(ting)印發(fa)了《深化(hua)農村改革綜合性實施方案》。作為中央農村工作領導小(xiao)組成員單位之一(yi)，科(ke)技(ji)部如何進一(yi)步深化(hua)農業科(ke)技(ji)體(ti)制改革？

王志剛：推動農(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)創新，最關鍵(jian)的是(shi)要(yao)(yao)創新科研(yan)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)構建農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村科技(ji)(ji)全國一盤棋的管(guan)理格局(ju)，形成部際聯動、省(sheng)部聯動發展機制(zhi)，盤活全國科技(ji)(ji)資源，整體布(bu)局(ju)農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村科技(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，提高科技(ji)(ji)支撐(cheng)能力(li)和資金利用效率。

科(ke)技部(bu)圍繞深入實(shi)施創(chuang)(chuang)新驅動發(fa)展戰略，新出臺(tai)的(de)改革(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)文件達到28項。這(zhe)些改革(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)，聚焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)頂層設計，聚焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科(ke)技管理改革(ge)，聚焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大眾創(chuang)(chuang)新創(chuang)(chuang)業，聚焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)改革(ge)實(shi)效。

下一步，要(yao)打破部門、區(qu)域、學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)界(jie)限，有效整合(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)資(zi)源(yuan)，建立(li)協同創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，推動產學(xue)研(yan)(yan)、農(nong)(nong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)教緊(jin)密集合(he)；依據產業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)區(qu)域發展(zhan)重大(da)(da)問題的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)需求(qiu)，實施(shi)圍繞(rao)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)部署創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)鏈(lian)，圍繞(rao)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)鏈(lian)完善(shan)資(zi)金鏈(lian)的(de)(de)新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)方(fang)式，加(jia)快(kuai)推進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)組織創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)和(he)(he)管理(li)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)，建立(li)聯(lian)合(he)協同攻關新(xin)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；搭(da)建有利于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)的(de)(de)平臺，加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)域國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點實驗室、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)工程技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)(yan)究中心等(deng)平臺基地(di)(di)建設(she)，建設(she)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)中心；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)符合(he)國(guo)情和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)規(gui)律的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)才與(yu)(yu)成果評價制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，研(yan)(yan)究制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)大(da)(da)學(xue)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)院所(suo)、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、金融機(ji)(ji)構(gou)協同創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才流動與(yu)(yu)知識產權政策，營造(zao)有利于吸引農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)環境；推動地(di)(di)市、縣級(ji)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)改革，堅(jian)持(chi)自身(shen)特色，走差(cha)異化發展(zhan)道路(lu)，支持(chi)地(di)(di)市級(ji)農(nong)(nong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)院所(suo)依托當(dang)地(di)(di)高等(deng)學(xue)校，融入大(da)(da)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)推廣服務體系，鼓勵有條件的(de)(de)地(di)(di)市、縣級(ji)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)納入省級(ji)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)直接管理(li)。

建立中國特色現代農業科技創新體系

科技(ji)日報(bao)：在提升農業自(zi)主創新能力方面(mian)，如何強化(hua)農業科技(ji)創新體系(xi)建設？

王志剛：科技部將(jiang)以轉變農業發(fa)展方(fang)式，加快農業現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)進程為(wei)重點，構建信息化(hua)主導、生物技術引領、智能化(hua)生產、可持續發(fa)展的現(xian)(xian)代農業科技創新體系(xi)。

加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)頂層(ceng)設(she)計，聯(lian)合相關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門，統籌研究制定(ding)“十三五(wu)”農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新規(gui)劃，面向國(guo)家(jia)(jia)戰(zhan)略和(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)需(xu)求，系(xi)統部(bu)(bu)署(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新工作；著(zhu)眼(yan)長遠發展(zhan)，超(chao)前部(bu)(bu)署(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)前沿技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)基(ji)礎研究，突破(po)(po)一(yi)批重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)基(ji)礎理論和(he)方法(fa)，取(qu)得一(yi)批重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)自主(zhu)創(chuang)新成果，搶(qiang)占現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)制高(gao)(gao)點，著(zhu)力突破(po)(po)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)共性技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)；系(xi)統部(bu)(bu)署(shu)互聯(lian)網+現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)物(wu)聯(lian)網等技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研究與集成創(chuang)新，推(tui)動產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)升級或形成新產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態；匯聚國(guo)內優勢力量，整合現(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級和(he)省級創(chuang)新資源，加(jia)快布局建設(she)一(yi)批農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)產品研發中心（平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)），全面提升產品研發能力和(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，提高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產效率。

推進育繁推一體化提升種業自主創新能力

科技日報：種業是農業領域最具有(you)科技含量的產業之一，新種子法(fa)于2016年(nian)1月1日起(qi)實施(shi)。今年(nian)的一號(hao)文件中提到，“加快(kuai)推進(jin)現代種業發展”，科技部將有(you)哪些(xie)舉措？

王志剛：科(ke)(ke)技部將大力(li)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)育繁(fan)推(tui)一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，提升種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)主創新(xin)能(neng)力(li)，保障國(guo)家種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)安全；深(shen)入(ru)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領域科(ke)(ke)研成(cheng)果(guo)權益分(fen)配改革，探(tan)索成(cheng)果(guo)權益分(fen)享(xiang)、轉移轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)科(ke)(ke)研人員分(fen)類(lei)管理機制；實施現(xian)代(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提升工程和(he)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)主創新(xin)重大工程，全面推(tui)進(jin)(jin)良種(zhong)重大科(ke)(ke)研聯合(he)攻關，培育和(he)推(tui)廣適應機械化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生產、優質高產多抗(kang)新(xin)品種(zhong)，加快(kuai)主要糧食(shi)作物新(xin)一輪品種(zhong)更新(xin)換代(dai)；強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)育種(zhong)創新(xin)主體地位，加快(kuai)培育具(ju)有(you)國(guo)際競爭力(li)的現(xian)代(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)。

培育職業農民打造千萬規模的科技特派員隊伍

科技日報：目前，全國有約73萬(wan)名科技特(te)派員(yuan)活躍在農村(cun)基層、農業一線，形成利(li)益共同體(ti)近5萬(wan)個，創辦企業2萬(wan)家。科技特(te)派員(yuan)制度在新時期如何進(jin)一步深化？

王志剛：科(ke)(ke)技(ji)部(bu)將制(zhi)定出(chu)臺《關(guan)于深入推(tui)行科(ke)(ke)技(ji)特(te)(te)派(pai)(pai)員制(zhi)度的(de)若干意見》，組織實施(shi)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)特(te)(te)派(pai)(pai)員創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)創(chuang)業工程(cheng)，打造千萬(wan)規模(mo)的(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)特(te)(te)派(pai)(pai)員隊(dui)伍，大力培(pei)育專業化(hua)的(de)職業農民；打造“星創(chuang)天(tian)地”，發(fa)展壯大法人科(ke)(ke)技(ji)特(te)(te)派(pai)(pai)員等新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農業生產經營主(zhu)體(ti)，推(tui)進行業和區(qu)域集(ji)群創(chuang)業及全產業鏈(lian)創(chuang)業；依(yi)托國(guo)家農業科(ke)(ke)技(ji)園區(qu)，推(tui)動農業科(ke)(ke)技(ji)、金(jin)融、品(pin)牌(pai)公共(gong)服(fu)務平(ping)臺建設，加(jia)快構建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農業社會化(hua)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)服(fu)務體(ti)系，解決農業科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果轉化(hua)“最后(hou)一公里”的(de)問題。