推進(jin)化肥(fei)(fei)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)增效是實(shi)現(xian)農(nong)業發(fa)展方(fang)(fang)式(shi)轉變的重要措(cuo)施。按照(zhao)《到2020年化肥(fei)(fei)使用量(liang)(liang)零增長(chang)(chang)行(xing)動方(fang)(fang)案》，農(nong)業部(bu)制定推進(jin)落實(shi)方(fang)(fang)案，細(xi)化目標(biao)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)，實(shi)化技術措(cuo)施，強化責任(ren)(ren)落實(shi)，有(you)序推進(jin)化肥(fei)(fei)使用量(liang)(liang)零增長(chang)(chang)行(xing)動。

明確化肥(fei)(fei)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)效重(zhong)點措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。一是(shi)(shi)調(diao)優結構(gou)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。調(diao)減(jian)高(gao)(gao)緯(wei)度、干旱地(di)(di)(di)區和(he)土地(di)(di)(di)貧瘠(ji)地(di)(di)(di)區玉米種(zhong)植，改種(zhong)耐旱耐瘠(ji)薄(bo)的(de)雜(za)糧雜(za)豆和(he)青(qing)貯(zhu)玉米,改高(gao)(gao)桿(gan)大穗品(pin)種(zhong)為(wei)矮桿(gan)密植品(pin)種(zhong)。調(diao)整(zheng)化肥(fei)(fei)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)結構(gou)，加快推(tui)廣(guang)新型肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)。二是(shi)(shi)精(jing)準施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。深入推(tui)進(jin)測(ce)土配方施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)，推(tui)進(jin)農機農藝融合,推(tui)廣(guang)水(shui)肥(fei)(fei)一體技(ji)術(shu)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)和(he)水(shui)資源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效率。三是(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)替代減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。推(tui)進(jin)秸稈(gan)養分還田和(he)畜禽(qin)糞(fen)便資源化利用(yong)(yong)(yong),推(tui)廣(guang)種(zhong)植綠肥(fei)(fei),在有(you)條件(jian)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區，引(yin)導農民(min)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)根瘤菌(jun)，促進(jin)豆科作物固氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)田。四是(shi)(shi)新型經營主(zhu)體示范帶動減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。支持新型經營主(zhu)體開(kai)展科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)和(he)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)，開(kai)展肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)統配統施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等服務，開(kai)展耕地(di)(di)(di)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)建設，有(you)效帶動科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)和(he)耕地(di)(di)(di)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)保護(hu)與提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。

突(tu)出(chu)主要作物和(he)重點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地(di)區(qu)。綜合考慮用肥(fei)量(liang)多(duo)的(de)作物、區(qu)域、環節(jie)，從(cong)2015年開(kai)始，率先在玉米、蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)、蘋果(guo)等(deng)作物上開(kai)展(zhan)化肥(fei)減(jian)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一是東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)和(he)黃(huang)淮海(hai)地(di)區(qu)玉米化肥(fei)減(jian)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。選擇內(nei)蒙古通遼(liao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)科左中旗，遼(liao)寧鐵嶺市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，吉林白城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)長春榆樹(shu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，黑龍(long)江齊齊哈爾市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綏化市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肇東(dong)(dong)、黑河(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)安管理局、黑龍(long)江農墾趙光(guang)農場和(he)尖山(shan)農場，河(he)北(bei)(bei)石(shi)家莊市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)趙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，山(shan)東(dong)(dong)德(de)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臨(lin)邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，安徽阜陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蒙城(cheng)，河(he)南(nan)漯河(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臨(lin)潁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，進行試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。二(er)是北(bei)(bei)方設施蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)集中產區(qu)和(he)南(nan)菜(cai)北(bei)(bei)運基地(di)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)化肥(fei)減(jian)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。選擇河(he)北(bei)(bei)藁城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、固安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，遼(liao)寧遼(liao)中縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、朝陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，山(shan)東(dong)(dong)壽(shou)光(guang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、臨(lin)淄區(qu)，河(he)南(nan)扶溝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、安陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，廣東(dong)(dong)高(gao)要市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、高(gao)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，廣西(xi)田東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，海(hai)南(nan)三(san)亞(ya)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、瓊海(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖北(bei)(bei)嘉魚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云夢(meng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，四川(chuan)(chuan)彭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣安區(qu)，云南(nan)通海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元謀縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，進行試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。三(san)是黃(huang)土高(gao)原和(he)渤(bo)海(hai)灣蘋果(guo)優勢產區(qu)蘋果(guo)化肥(fei)減(jian)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。選擇陜西(xi)洛川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、白水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，山(shan)西(xi)臨(lin)猗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、芮城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，河(he)南(nan)靈寶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、陜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，甘肅靜寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、成禮(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，河(he)北(bei)(bei)易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、邢(xing)臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，山(shan)東(dong)(dong)棲霞(xia)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、招(zhao)遠市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，遼(liao)寧普蘭(lan)店市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、凌源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，開(kai)展(zhan)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

強化責任推進(jin)(jin)措施(shi)落(luo)實。加強組(zu)織領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)。各試點省（區、市）成立由(you)農(nong)業(ye)廳（委、局）主要(yao)負(fu)(fu)責同志任組(zu)長(chang)的推進(jin)(jin)落(luo)實領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)小組(zu)，推進(jin)(jin)各項(xiang)措施(shi)落(luo)實。上(shang)下聯(lian)(lian)動推進(jin)(jin)。建(jian)立玉米(mi)、蔬菜、蘋果三個省際化肥(fei)(fei)減量增效試點協調(diao)推進(jin)(jin)機(ji)制，明確(que)牽頭負(fu)(fu)責人、首席專(zhuan)家(jia)、各省負(fu)(fu)責人和(he)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)負(fu)(fu)責人,形(xing)成上(shang)下聯(lian)(lian)動工(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)制。完(wan)善扶持政(zheng)策。積極爭取(qu)金融、保險(xian)、稅收等政(zheng)策，支(zhi)持化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用(yong)量零(ling)增長(chang)行(xing)動開展。對(dui)新型(xing)經營主體、適(shi)度規(gui)模經營施(shi)用(yong)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)、配(pei)方肥(fei)(fei)等予以補助。強化技(ji)術支(zhi)撐。農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)成立專(zhuan)家(jia)指導(dao)(dao)組(zu)，各級農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)門也要(yao)成立相應(ying)的專(zhuan)家(jia)團隊，圍繞(rao)化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用(yong)量零(ling)增長(chang)行(xing)動開展技(ji)術指導(dao)(dao)服務。