根據(ju)國家統(tong)計局(ju)發布(bu)的最新數據(ju),2014年上(shang)(shang)半(ban)年,我國農(nong)業農(nong)村經濟發展保(bao)持(chi)穩定,形勢好(hao)于預期。初步(bu)核(he)算,上(shang)(shang)半(ban)年,全國第一產業增加(jia)值19812億元(yuan),同比(bi)增長(chang)3.9%,增速比(bi)去年同期快(kuai)0.9個百分(fen)點。
上半(ban)年(nian)(nian),農業生產發展保持穩(wen)定(ding),糧(liang)食和生豬(zhu)產量(liang)(liang)繼續增長。今年(nian)(nian)我(wo)國夏(xia)季(ji)糧(liang)油(you)生產大豐收,實現“十連增”,全國夏(xia)糧(liang)總產量(liang)(liang)13660萬噸,再(zai)創歷(li)史新高,比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)增加(jia)475萬噸,增長3.6%;夏(xia)收油(you)菜籽產量(liang)(liang)1376萬噸,比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)增加(jia)34萬噸,增長2.5%。上半(ban)年(nian)(nian),全國豬(zhu)牛(niu)羊禽(qin)肉產量(liang)(liang)4003萬噸,同比(bi)(bi)增長1.7%,其中(zhong)豬(zhu)肉產量(liang)(liang)2705萬噸,增長3.0%。
上半年,農民收入(ru)繼續保持快(kuai)速增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang),全(quan)國農村居(ju)民人(ren)(ren)均現金(jin)收入(ru)5396元,同比(bi)名義增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)12.0%,快(kuai)于城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)居(ju)民人(ren)(ren)均可支配(pei)收入(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)2.4個百分(fen)(fen)點,扣(kou)除價格因素實(shi)際增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.8%,快(kuai)于城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)居(ju)民人(ren)(ren)口可支配(pei)收入(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)2.7個百分(fen)(fen)點。6月(yue)末,農村外(wai)出(chu)務(wu)工勞(lao)動力(li)17418萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)加307萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)1.8%。外(wai)出(chu)務(wu)工勞(lao)動力(li)月(yue)均收入(ru)2733元,增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)10.3%。
上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)半年,農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)價格總水平下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang),全國農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)價格總指數同比下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)0.5%。分產(chan)業(ye)看(kan),飼養動物及畜產(chan)品下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)3.9%,林業(ye)產(chan)品下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)0.6%,種植業(ye)產(chan)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)1.9%,水產(chan)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)4.6%。分品種看(kan),糧食上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)1.5%,谷(gu)物上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)1.3%,小麥上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)7.1%,稻谷(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)1.6%,玉米持平,油料下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)2.3%,糖料下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)1.2%,蔬(shu)菜下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)1.2%,水果上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)11.5%,茶葉上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)7.2%,煙葉上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)9.7%,木材(cai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)5.1%,生(sheng)豬(zhu)(毛(mao)(mao)重(zhong)(zhong))下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)9.7%,活牛(毛(mao)(mao)重(zhong)(zhong))上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)5.8%,活羊(毛(mao)(mao)重(zhong)(zhong))上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)6.5%,家禽(qin)(毛(mao)(mao)重(zhong)(zhong))上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)3.6%,禽(qin)蛋上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)3.5%。
農業生(sheng)產(chan)形勢好(hao)于(yu)預期,既有自然(ran)因(yin)素(su)方面(mian)的原(yuan)因(yin),也有人為努(nu)力(li)方面(mian)的原(yuan)因(yin)。一(yi)是由于(yu)去(qu)冬今春(chun)天氣(qi)較好(hao),各地夏(xia)收糧(liang)油作物單產(chan)普遍增長(chang),推動了(le)全國夏(xia)糧(liang)產(chan)量再(zai)創歷(li)史新高(gao)。二是由于(yu)近(jin)幾年來一(yi)大批企業和相關投資(zi)者(zhe)進入(ru)生(sheng)豬養殖行業,這些生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)資(zi)金實力(li)較強,改(gai)變了(le)生(sheng)豬飼養結(jie)構(gou),提高(gao)了(le)生(sheng)豬養殖效率,有一(yi)定的抗市(shi)場風(feng)險能力(li),全國生(sheng)豬生(sheng)產(chan)發展(zhan)在逆境中仍保(bao)持了(le)穩定,豬肉總產(chan)量不減反增。
從上半年(nian)(nian)的情況看,今后(hou)在農(nong)村經濟(ji)發展(zhan)中需(xu)要(yao)關(guan)注三個(ge)問題(ti)。一是目前國(guo)(guo)內外主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(000061,股吧)價(jia)(jia)格水(shui)平已基(ji)本持平,在國(guo)(guo)內農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)價(jia)(jia)格絕對下降的情況下,國(guo)(guo)家政策調(diao)控(kong)空(kong)間有(you)限,下半年(nian)(nian)不(bu)同(tong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)可能出(chu)現(xian)分(fen)化,在糧(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的同(tong)時,其(qi)他部分(fen)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)形勢不(bu)容(rong)樂觀(guan);二是上半年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)價(jia)(jia)格持續(xu)低(di)迷,全國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)庫存(cun)已經出(chu)現(xian)較大回落,下半年(nian)(nian)及(ji)明年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)不(bu)容(rong)樂觀(guan),將影響到全年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)和(he)CPI的變化;三是目前農(nong)民收入(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)已經處于減速(su)通道,隨著宏觀(guan)經濟(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)速(su)度的回落和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構的轉型升級(ji),今后(hou)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)有(you)可能加(jia)速(su)回落。在對策選(xuan)擇(ze)上,要(yao)深(shen)化改革,創新方法(fa),抓緊(jin)完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)支持保護政策,加(jia)強對主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者的聯系登記(ji)、信息(xi)化管理、直接扶持和(he)利益保護,完(wan)善(shan)對特殊困難群體基(ji)本生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的保障,加(jia)快提升農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效率,促進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩定發展(zhan),保障農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)市場穩定供應。