近日，農業部正式公(gong)布了《主要(yao)農作物品種(zhong)審定(ding)辦法(fa)》，自2014年2月1日起施行(xing)。農業部2001年2月26日發布、2007年11月8日修訂(ding)的《主要(yao)農作物品種(zhong)審定(ding)辦法(fa)》同時廢止(zhi)。

來(lai)自《招(zhao)商(shang)證券》的(de)(de)評論(lun)認為(wei):品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)生產經營(ying)過程中關鍵的(de)(de)一環(huan),對種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企(qi)業的(de)(de)研(yan)發、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推廣有(you)著重要的(de)(de)影響(xiang),現行的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定辦法已(yi)實施(shi)了十(shi)余年(nian)(nian)(2001年(nian)(nian)發布、2007年(nian)(nian)修訂),部分(fen)條款(kuan)已(yi)不(bu)適合目前的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市場情況,甚(shen)至有(you)些條款(kuan)成為(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市場持續(xu)健康發展的(de)(de)阻力,此(ci)次全面更新來(lai)得非常及時,非常必要,也是(shi)近期種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業相關政策出臺的(de)(de)延續(xu)。

新版(ban)《辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)》的(de)(de)五大變化:1、增加(jia)審(shen)定(ding)項目,2、簡化審(shen)定(ding)流(liu)程,3、提(ti)高審(shen)定(ding)門檻,4、強(qiang)化退出(chu)機制,5、開通(tong)(tong)綠色通(tong)(tong)道。總(zong)體而言新《辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)》的(de)(de)實施將使審(shen)定(ding)標準提(ti)高、流(liu)程簡化、過程和(he)結果(guo)更(geng)加(jia)透明,行業(ye)會(hui)更(geng)加(jia)規(gui)范有序,品種權保護加(jia)強(qiang)和(he)綠色通(tong)(tong)道開通(tong)(tong),尤(you)其有利(li)于具有自主研發創新能力的(de)(de)龍頭企(qi)業(ye),未來品種優勢會(hui)更(geng)加(jia)明顯(xian)。

增(zeng)加審定(ding)(ding)項目:增(zeng)加了品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特異性(xing)(xing)、一(yi)(yi)致性(xing)(xing)和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(DUS測(ce)試(shi)(shi))、DNA指紋檢(jian)測(ce)和(he)轉基(ji)(ji)因(yin)檢(jian)測(ce)。其中DUS測(ce)試(shi)(shi)是(shi)根據特異性(xing)(xing)、一(yi)(yi)致性(xing)(xing)和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗結(jie)果,判(pan)定(ding)(ding)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)否屬于(yu)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)植物(wu)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)提供可靠的(de)判(pan)定(ding)(ding)依據,DNA指紋檢(jian)測(ce)也是(shi)用于(yu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑒定(ding)(ding)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)人的(de)合法(fa)權(quan)益(yi),二者(zhe)共同強化了對品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原創性(xing)(xing)的(de)要求(qiu),過去(qu)在已有(you)(you)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)礎上做簡單改良的(de)方式將(jiang)不再適用(目前大量品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都是(shi)這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式出來(lai)的(de),原創性(xing)(xing)不足,因(yin)此也導致多年未(wei)能出現突破性(xing)(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)知識(shi)產權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)企業(ye)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研發積極性(xing)(xing)的(de)提高。要求(qiu)轉基(ji)(ji)因(yin)檢(jian)測(ce)一(yi)(yi)方面是(shi)對現有(you)(you)制度的(de)嚴格(ge)執行,另一(yi)(yi)方面也為(wei)未(wei)來(lai)政策(ce)放(fang)開(kai)做了鋪墊。

簡化(hua)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)流程(cheng):省(sheng)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)品種(zhong)繼續申(shen)請(qing)國審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)流程(cheng)簡化(hua)。新(xin)《辦法》明確規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding),已通(tong)過(guo)省(sheng)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)品種(zhong),具備相鄰省(sheng)、自治區(qu)(qu)、直轄市同一(yi)生態類型區(qu)(qu)10個以上生產(chan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)點兩(liang)年(nian)數據(ju),申(shen)請(qing)國審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)時(shi)可以免區(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)和生產(chan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。新(xin)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)使通(tong)過(guo)省(sheng)級(ji)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)優(you)秀品種(zhong)在(zai)其(qi)他區(qu)(qu)域審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)時(shi)間縮短2-3年(nian),有(you)利于一(yi)些(xie)表現(xian)優(you)異的(de)(de)品種(zhong)快(kuai)速(su)擴大審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)范圍,提高推廣(guang)面積(ji),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)對一(yi)些(xie)剛(gang)剛(gang)通(tong)過(guo)省(sheng)級(ji)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding),廣(guang)適性(xing)好、推廣(guang)潛力大的(de)(de)玉(yu)米(mi)品種(zhong)有(you)利。比(bi)如登海618,去年(nian)剛(gang)通(tong)過(guo)山(shan)東省(sheng)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding),而且在(zai)春(chun)玉(yu)米(mi)區(qu)(qu)域有(you)非常好的(de)(de)表現(xian),未來在(zai)春(chun)玉(yu)米(mi)區(qu)(qu)域審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)和推廣(guang)有(you)望加(jia)速(su)。

提高審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)門檻:對(dui)照品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)選擇與時俱進,更(geng)加(jia)科學合理(li)。新《辦法》規定(ding)(ding),區試、生(sheng)產試驗對(dui)照品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)當是(shi)(shi)同一生(sheng)態類型區同期生(sheng)產上(shang)(shang)推廣應(ying)用的(de)已審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),具備良好的(de)代表性,并根據農業生(sheng)產發展的(de)需要(yao)適時更(geng)換。過去審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)太多(每(mei)年幾(ji)十個(ge)(ge)國(guo)審(shen)(shen),幾(ji)百個(ge)(ge)省審(shen)(shen)),導致市場散(san)而亂,其(qi)(qi)中一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)原因(yin)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)對(dui)照品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)老化,很多品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)時的(de)對(dui)照品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)七八(ba)年甚至(zhi)十幾(ji)年前(qian)的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),對(dui)比的(de)標準太低,這在(zai)水(shui)稻上(shang)(shang)尤其(qi)(qi)明顯。新規定(ding)(ding)更(geng)加(jia)嚴格而且科學合理(li)的(de)要(yao)求對(dui)照品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),意味(wei)著審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)門檻提高,有利于減少(shao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)數量,改(gai)善市場競爭環境,防止套牌泛濫(很多套牌種(zhong)(zhong)子就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)隨便弄一個(ge)(ge)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)號然后裝上(shang)(shang)其(qi)(qi)他品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)銷(xiao)售)。此(ci)外(wai),初審(shen)(shen)還(huan)增(zeng)加(jia)了不少(shao)于60日的(de)公(gong)示(shi)期,使(shi)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)過程(cheng)和結果更(geng)加(jia)透明。

強化(hua)退(tui)出(chu)機制:過時、退(tui)化(hua)或有嚴重問題的(de)品種將(jiang)依法退(tui)出(chu)市場(chang)。新(xin)(xin)《辦法》規定，在使用(yong)過程(cheng)中發(fa)現有不可克服的(de)缺點的(de)、種性嚴重退(tui)化(hua)的(de)、未(wei)按要求(qiu)提供品種標準(zhun)樣品的(de)品種必須退(tui)出(chu)市場(chang)，自退(tui)出(chu)公(gong)告發(fa)布之日起停(ting)止生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，自退(tui)出(chu)公(gong)告發(fa)布一個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周(zhou)期后停(ting)止經營(ying)、推廣。雖然舊版《辦法》也有退(tui)出(chu)機制，但(dan)基本(ben)上落實不到位(wei)，新(xin)(xin)辦法里將(jiang)品種退(tui)出(chu)作為(wei)單獨一章重點強調，將(jiang)來會嚴格(ge)執行，老(lao)品種加快退(tui)出(chu)也給新(xin)(xin)品種留下更大的(de)增(zeng)長空間。

開(kai)通(tong)綠色通(tong)道:育繁推一(yi)體化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)享有(you)(you)更(geng)大自(zi)主(zhu)權。新《辦法》規定,注冊資本達到1億元的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)申請主(zhu)要(yao)農作(zuo)物品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級審(shen)定時可以開(kai)展自(zi)有(you)(you)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)區域試(shi)驗(yan)、生產試(shi)驗(yan)、試(shi)驗(yan)條(tiao)件、標準(zhun)不得低于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級區域試(shi)驗(yan)、生產試(shi)驗(yan)要(yao)求(qiu)。這項規定明確了對育繁推一(yi)體化(hua)的(de)龍頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)逐漸放開(kai)“品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定綠色通(tong)道”的(de)大方向，但在(zai)(zai)具體如何操作(zuo)上(shang)暫(zan)時還(huan)(huan)沒有(you)(you)詳細(xi)(xi)闡述，未來(lai)細(xi)(xi)則(ze)還(huan)(huan)需國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農作(zuo)物品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定委員會發布(bu)，政(zheng)策趨(qu)勢是將品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)過程中的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)權逐漸下放到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，研發能力強(qiang)的(de)大企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)未來(lai)在(zai)(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定中將有(you)(you)更(geng)大的(de)優勢。