淮山(shan)又名山(shan)藥(yao)(yao),屬(shu)薯蕷科薯蕷屬(shu)植物,其塊莖(jing)既(ji)可食用(yong)(yong)又可入藥(yao)(yao),且營養豐富(fu),滋(zi)陰美容(rong),為全國18種(zhong)滋(zi)補品之一,倍受(shou)人民的(de)青睞。但是人們(men)通常所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)縱向種(zhong)植方式制約(yue)著(zhu)農(nong)民的(de)耕作、種(zhong)植和采收,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增加了(le)勞(lao)動成(cheng)本。
我司基層(ceng)技(ji)術人員陳(chen)文壯有著多年對(dui)多種(zhong)作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)經驗(yan),傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式也讓他(ta)苦(ku)惱,家里也 就(jiu)只(zhi)有這幾(ji)畝種(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地,難道還要請工人來做嗎(ma)?現今人工費用(yong)這么(me)高,那還有什么(me)收入可言?然而家里就(jiu)只(zhi)有他(ta)和妻(qi)子兩(liang)個(ge)勞動(dong)力,種(zhong)和挖山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang) 式要挖1米多深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穴)都(dou)是件很費力的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi),實在不容易(yi)。于是他(ta)請教了農(nong)化(hua)(hua)團隊,大家翻閱資料(liao)、結合經驗(yan),有了改(gai)變種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)法,改(gai)縱向(xiang)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)橫(heng)向(xiang)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),采 用(yong)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)槽(cao)引導山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長方(fang)(fang)向(xiang),使(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)橫(heng)向(xiang)生長,通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)比(bi)試驗(yan),加(jia)上(shang)測(ce)土配方(fang)(fang)施肥(fei)技(ji)術、肥(fei)料(liao)套餐的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)及病(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)防統(tong)治,實現了山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)畝產的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)。施用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua) 肥(fei)以(yi)中(zhong)化(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東好苗子15-15-15、云南新正達蟠桃(tao)過(guo)磷酸(suan)鈣粉16%、加(jia)拿大氯化(hua)(hua)鉀為(wei)主,在測(ce)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)正確把握(wo)各類化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang),以(yi)達到精準施肥(fei),確保 山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需肥(fei)量(liang)。該試驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)還注重(zhong)對(dui)生物有機肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong),試驗(yan)結果表明(ming),生物有機肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施用(yong)能有有效(xiao)消除山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑斑(ban),改(gai)善(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品相。
與傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的縱向(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)比發現橫(heng)向(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)如下特點(dian):一(yi)(yi)、耕層(ceng)(ceng)與起壟(long)的高(gao)度均(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對要(yao)(yao)低(di),傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong) 方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)耕層(ceng)(ceng)要(yao)(yao)厚(hou),橫(heng)向(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)只(zhi)需對20cm內(nei)的土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)進行松(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)即可;二傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)對土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)更加苛刻,要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)上下土(tu)(tu)(tu)質一(yi)(yi)致,至少1-1.2米(mi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)內(nei)不能有(you)粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)、 土(tu)(tu)(tu)沙(sha)粒等夾層(ceng)(ceng);三栽培溝深至少85-100cm,以便(bian)(bian)塊莖深層(ceng)(ceng)生長,橫(heng)向(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)僅(jin)在離地表(biao)20-30cm的土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)中生長;四傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)穴需要(yao)(yao)機械鉆(zhan)孔, 橫(heng)向(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)只(zhi)需鋪入種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)槽,相(xiang)(xiang)對而言降低(di)了勞動強度和成本,節約了勞動時間;五傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)采收(shou)需要(yao)(yao)依(yi)賴機械,容(rong)易(yi)造成機械損(sun)傷(shang),影(ying)響(xiang)商品品相(xiang)(xiang),橫(heng)向(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)收(shou)獲方(fang)(fang) 便(bian)(bian),通常一(yi)(yi)把匕首或(huo)一(yi)(yi)根木棍就能采收(shou)。
農化團隊將橫向(xiang)種(zhong)植山藥(yao)的新(xin)技術推(tui)廣到生產(chan)實際,引領農戶高(gao)產(chan)、易種(zhong)、易管、易收的方(fang)法,極大的降低(di)了海南淮(huai)山藥(yao)的種(zhong)植成本,增加農戶收入(ru)。
